Types of Foundations
The building construction can be a simple process or a complex one. The complexity depends upon the nature of construction. House construct is much simpler than making structures for manufacture or research. Nevertheless large or small technology is always involved in modern buildings. Even in ancient structures technology and team work was involved. Some of the magnificent monuments dating back in history are an architectural marvel.
One prime example of architectural magnificence is the Taj Mahal at Agra. There are many such examples of superior building construction in India.
Constructing a building is a process that requires team work. The process begins with conceptualization of the building. This is put is a design by the architect on a laminated design poster. The engineers work their way out to interpret and add security and safety measures in places. In many countries specified codes exist which are followed as norms. These are basically concerned with safety and environment. Local municipal bodies may places guidelines and limitation of residential and commercial constructions.
Engineers conduct many tests including check the soil and the terrain before the construction can start. Laying the foundation is the first step executed as per the specifications set by the engineers and the architect. The foundation varies depending upon the type of structure, soil conditions and the impending load of the building itself.
Materials to be used also make the difference. Light gauge steel construction requires a different approach to laying the foundations
The involvement of the labor starts at this stage, brick layers and masons are involved. The basic foundations are of the following types;
Shallow Foundation: These are of the following types
Spread Footing Foundations
Mat Slab Foundations
Rubble Trench Foundations
Earth Bag Foundations
Common in residential construction the weight is spread over a wider area for support and stability.
Deep Foundations: This is resorted to whence the upper layer of soil does not promise stability. The foundation is established in the deep layer of the soil where it is the strongest.
Types of strong foundations:
Driven Foundations
Pile Foundation Systems
Monopile Foundations
Augercast Pile
Drilled Piles
Under reamed Piles
Pipe Piles (Steel)
Besides there are many types of specialty piles used in building constructions all over the World.
In all building constructions the cost matters hence use of optimum in materials consumption and limitation in design and infrastructure comes into the picture. The technology put to use may differ from region to region.