Ophthalmoscope is the instrument used by the doctors and ophthalmologists to examine the eye including its internal parts. Generally it is designed to examine the back of the eye-socket, which is known as fundus. Since it is the tool which is used to see the fundus it is also called fuduscope.
This instrument is of two types: Direct and indirect. A direct Ophthalmoscope is a device which you can hold with your hands and it is used to magnify the inside of an eye. It is the most common type available. Generally it is small. On the other hand, an indirect Ophthalmoscope is larger in size and is worn on head. It is connected with a lens to view the inside of an eye when a detail view of the inside is needed.
Functionality of Ophthalmoscope:
• At first, turn on the device and check the batteries.
• After that, bring all the numbers of the instrument to zero position.
• While using Ophthalmoscope you need a very low power light, not necessarily a pitch black room.
• The patient whose eye is to be tested can wear contact lenses but he/she have to remove glasses, if they have one.
• The patient should look at a particular point at your back.
• Now hold the Ophthalmoscope to your eye and look through the flat eyepiece of the device to the patient’s eye. You are now able to see the red reflex of the back side of the eye.
The Ophthalmoscope magnifies an eye 15 times more than the normal size and makes it possible for you to view the detail of optic nerves, optic disc, retina and the crystal like eye lens. Doctors commonly use it to check the veins and eye nerves without performing surgery.
The instrument used by the physicians to check the small passages of ear, nostrils and upper part of throat with some change is known as Otoscope.
Functionality of Otoscope:
There are two main parts of the Otoscope. A handle and a head. A funnel-like speculum is attached to the head to examine the ear cavity. There is also a magnifying lens and light attached to the head to illuminate as well as magnify the small passage to examine.
For examination, the speculum of the Otoscope is inserted inside the ear and the light and the attached lens enlarges the canal to check the eardrum. Otoscope is commonly used to examine tympanic membrane of the ear. There is also a bulb-like attachment which can used to puff air inside the ear to check the presence of any excess fluid or other related ear problem. The procedure to examine the nostril and upper throat is also same.